Updatable dataset revealing decade changes in land cover types in Mongolia

The Mongolian Plateau (MP) is in the interior of Northeast Asia, far from sea, and extremely vulnerable to climate change deleterious effects human activity. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) explicitly set land degradation neutrality (LDN) as one sub-goals seventeen main tasks. However, achieving this goal Mongolia, a country with fragile sensitive ecological environment lack high-precision cover monitoring data, challenging. In study, we established rules for remote sensing-based classification reference threshold ranges based on an object-oriented sensing interpretation method. Then, obtained refined data Mongolia 1990, 2000, 2010 2020 30-m resolution. comprises 11 categories: forest, meadow steppe, real desert barren, sand, desert, ice, water, cropland built area. overall accuracies, corresponding aforementioned year, were 82.26%, 82.77%, 92.34% 81.84%, respectively. We found that showed apparent law zonal gradual change. Among them, barren land, steppe forest consistently four major types. Since last 30 years, areas present decreasing trend, showing trend shrinking south. Overall, presents wavelike shows fluctuating increasing trend. area relatively stable no notable changes spatial distribution. dataset study fills gaps high-resolution it can provide fundamental scientific support sustainable development MP.